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Mast cells are one of the most important cells of the immune system that play a role in health and disease. They do not float in blood like other while cells. Rather, they sit as stem cells in the bone marrow, travel through the blood stream as immature cells and reside in tissues. Interestingly, when they come out into different organs, they mature to become slightly different â mast cells of the brain have different function then mast cells of the lungs or skin.
A cure for MCAS does not exist, while many methods can return you to a normal functioning and good quality of life. Every practitioner who is a mast cell expert develops their own treatment protocol. The treatment should be very individual, as mast cell activation syndrome may be caused by completely different genetic and exposure factors.
Overall, there are two approaches â conventional and natural. Conventional medicine recommends to use medications (after all other possible diseases are excluded). These medications reduce the release of mediators from mast cells that cause symptoms or block the action of the bioactive molecules on other cells.
Natural approach considers that the âactivationâ of the cells may be âdeactivatedâ by a holistic approach to the whole-body balancing. These techniques include all traditional treatments that are offered by Chinese, Indian (Ayurveda), Tibetan, and many other Eastern medicines.
Type of Treatments for Mast Cell Activation Syndrome
Mast cell activation syndrome supplements are being used widely by natural practitioners to help patients have less symptoms and return to normal functioning.
Zinc chelators effectively inhibit anaphylaxis, and zinc supplements may effectively suppress rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, as indicated by studies using mouse disease models. Zink supplements are used in MCAS for suppressing inflammatory or allergic responses.
Another group of scientists found that certain probiotic bacteria might diminish mast cell allergy-related activation by downregulation of the expression of high-affinity IgE and histamine receptor genes, and by inducing a pro-inflammatory response.
Mast cell activation syndrome medications are used to block the symptoms, as there is no real cure. The goal is to use as little medications as possible to avoid development of the side effects.
Treatment intervention
Comments
Avoidance of known triggers
Allergy testing is recommended to find out real triggers
Second generation H1 blockers (e.g. loratidine, cetirizine)
Second generation H1 blockers are preferred due to less sedation, and may be used on a scheduled basis once or twice daily.
First generation H1 blockers (e.g. diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine)
May be used as needed for breakthrough symptoms, and before or during invasive procedures or radiology studies.
H2 blockers (e.g. ranitidine, famotidine)
Can be scheduled once or twice daily.
Cromolyn sodium (oral formulation)
Useful for abdominal bloating and diarrhea. Benefit may extend beyond GI symptoms and target also skin and neuropsychiatric manifestations. Divided dosing and weekly titration to reach target daily dose is advised to avoid side effects and improve adherence with regimen.
H1 blocker/mast cell stabilizer (Ketotifen)
Now available as a generic formulation in compounding pharmacies in the USA.
Aspirin
Useful for flushing in select patients with elevated urinary 11β-PGF2a. Contraindicated in those with allergic or adverse reactions to NSAIDs. Clinical improvement may require dosing increases up to 650mg twice daily if tolerated.
Steroid taper (prednisone, prednisolone)
May be useful in patients with refractory signs or symptoms. Initial oral dosage of 0.5mg/kg/day followed by a slow taper over 1â3 months.
Omalizumab
May be useful in patients with recalcitrant symptoms or resistance to therapy, including anaphylaxis.
Natural treatment
Mast cell activation syndrome natural treatment includes many methods of Oriental medicine, herbal supplements and mindful exercise.
Here are some natural methods that can be used:
Acupuncture
Cupping and medical massage
Meditation
Herbal formulas
Proprietary supplements
You need to find the natural medicine expert who is knowledgeable of the MCAS to have the best results.
Mast cell activation syndrome diet
It is a known fact that people with mast cell activation syndrome benefit from healing diet. There is no true âmast cell activation dietâ. It should be based on your own tolerance and also tests. One should avoid all foods that cause allergic reactions (even minor). There is an evidence that histamine diet can work to calm down symptoms and stimulate better digestion. Overall an individual approach and professional guidance is recommended. Leaky gut and histamine diets can be very limiting and cause more problems if used inappropriately.
Even scientists confirmed the effect of certain traditional foods on mast cell function. For example, a group from Japan University confirmed in the laboratory studies that ume ((Prunus mume), a Japanese plum, has the potential to inhibit mast cell degranulation and may be associated with reduced risk of allergic symptoms. Allium cepa (Family Liliaceae) is a reputed Indian medicinal herb that is prescribed as an effective remedy for several ailments in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. It was found by a group of scientist to stabilize mast cells.
Many natural practitioners recommend their own proprietary diets. Holistic nutritionists can help you to combine an individual food list and daily menu based on your own intolerances.
The American Institute for Functional Medicine recommends:
Watercress is a cruciferous vegetable that is considered one of the most nutrient-dense plants commonly available. A study showed that watercress inhibits 60% of all histamines released from mast cells
Onions (including the spring onion) are an important prebiotic food. Onions have been shown to inhibit histamine release, stabilize mast cells, and even lower histamine levels extracellularly in blood plasma. One study suggests that quercetin, found in onions, is a promising candidate as an effective mast cell inhibitor for allergic and inflammatory diseases. In two pilot open-label clinical trials, quercetin significantly decreased contact dermatitis and photosensitivity, skin conditions that do not respond to conventional treatment
Moringa is a âsuper-foodâ that has found its way onto health food shelves. It is so nutrient dense that it has historically been used to treat malnutrition. A study in pigs suggests that moringa inhibits 72% of all histamines released, making it almost as effective as ketotifen. The results of a 2016 study, in vitro and in vivo, strongly suggest the beneficial effects of moringa on atopic dermatitis via the regulation of inflammatory responses
Chamomile is typically consumed as a tea. Fresh flowers are frequently available and are preferable to dried. One study suggests that, in mast cellâmediated allergic models, chamomile acted in a dose-dependent manner to inhibit histamine release from mast cells
Nettle has been shown to be a potent antihistamine (working at the H1 receptor) and mast cell stabilizer
Galangal is also called âThai gingerâ. Research using in vitro and in vivo models suggests that a compound of galangal, called galangin, downregulates mast cellâderived allergic inflammatory reactions by blocking histamine release and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and could be a beneficial anti-allergic inflammatory agent
Curcumin, an active component of turmeric, has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. A 2003 study suggests that curcumin inhibits protease-activated receptors (PAR), which play a role in inflammation and PAR2 and 4-mediated human mast cell activation
A 2010 study suggests that peaches inhibit mast cellâderived allergic inflammation. The inhibitory effect of peaches on pro-inflammatory cytokines was nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB dependent
Brazil nuts. A 2013 study showed that selenium-treated mast cells revealed significant decrease in concentration of histamine and prostaglandin D2 and beta-hexosaminidase. In addition, a slight reduction of histamine release by the selenium-treated cells was observed, based on the studyâs intracellular and extracellular assessments
