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Histamine is one of the most essential molecules in our body. It is a molecule that activates cells in almost every organ of the body. We have the whole system in the brain that operates through histamine (histaminergic system). Moreover, histamine can activate cells through the docking points of other bioamines such as serotonin, dopamine, even adrenalin. This vast complexity must be very highly regulated to ensure our health. That is why there are robust mechanisms of histamine absorption, synthesis and destruction.
Histamine intolerance cannot be local – if it happens it affects all body organs and all cells that can react to histamine in the blood. The symptoms are very non-specific and can involve anything from headaches and anxiety to diarrhea and irritable bladder. It takes a long time to set the diagnosis straight, and sometimes involves many doctors.
To heal the root causes you must know what exactly led to histamine intolerance in your situation. And the answer may vary for each person. But unless you know what is the cause in your case, you will be able to only mend the symptoms which is a life long treatment. We recommend to find the expert in histamine intolerance who will be able to connect all the dots and find out which treatment you need.
Histamine Intolerance Supplements
Antihistamines
As the symptoms are induced by the histamine, it is important to consider histamine receptor blockers in the treatment. There are two types of histamine receptors that are present in most of the tissues of the body (H1 and H2), and two more types (H3 and H4), that are more specific for the brain and heart. The histamine receptor blockers are commonly known as antihistamines (although they really do not do anything to the histamine itself).
Histamine in the body tissues can regulate blood vessels, tissue fluids, and can engage other immune cells into inflammation. Histamine in the gut regulates stomach and intestinal movement, and can cause vomiting and diarrhea. Excess of the histamine in the whole body can cause headaches, nausea, dizziness, flushing, and swelling and as a major allergic reaction can cause blood pressure collapse and be deadly (anaphylaxis).
Histamine intolerance is not an acute threat to health, as it differs from real allergy. It happens and develops overtime. Probably the only serious situation is scambroid – a fish poisoning. Even then the major symptoms are hives, vomiting, diarrhea and headache, but not death.
Yet, histamine intolerance has a huge impact on the quality of life, forcing people to see many doctors and ask for any possible relief medications. That is why antihistamines if a very frequent medication tried by patients and prescribed by doctors.
In addition to medicines that are marketed as antihistamines, there are other medications that are used for different purpose, but also block histamine
Tricyclic antidepressants (block almost every type of histamine receptors)
Doxepin hydrochloride (Silenor)
Amitriptyline hydrochloride
Supplemental DAO
DAO is considered the main extracellular enzyme for clearance or degradation of extra levels of histamine and other biogenic amines. That is why the oral supplement of commercial extract from pig kidney, has been studied by scientists as a treatment of histamine intolerance.
An Austrian group of scientists from Medical University of Graz conducted a trial for DAO oral supplement. For this open-label interventional pilot study they engages 56 patients with recurring functional, nonspecific abdominal complaints and serum DAO values < 10 U/mL. At the time of diagnosis of HIT, all of these patients received written information on histamine intolerance and the histamine-reduced diet. A registered dietician helped develop an individually tailored diet to ensure nutritional adequacy. All of included patients maintained the histamine-reduced diet in addition to DAO supplementation.
They demonstrated that oral supplementation of the enzyme DAO before meals could help improve HIT-related symptoms and symptom intensity in HIT.
Mast Cell Stabilizers
Mast cell stabilizers work through the cells to reduce the amount of histamine that is released from stored granules. There are couple of the medications available:
Cromoglicic acid (cromolyn)
Tranilast
The mast cell is an immune cell that is involved in many control functions in organs such as skin, gut, brain, reproductive organs and lungs. It has an ability to store and release histamine when needed. Usually it is released as a slow emptying of the granules when the histamine level in the tissue is falling (called peacemill degranulation). It is also capable of moving to the tissues where the inflammation or infection is and then it releases massive levels of enzymes and histamines. We call that allergic reaction, but indeed such process happens as a protective mechanism of the body to the danger (infection, parasitic infections or toxins).
So, using mast cell stabilizers sometimes helps reducing the amount of histamine released in the tissues. There is still a questionable validity of this treatment as many scientists who analyzed the response of patients did not find a difference with patients who were not taking the drug. Nevertheless, this treatment is popular and some patients may feel a significant benefit.
Histamine Degrading Probiotics
Gut health is very tightly linked to the mechanism of developing a histamine intolerance. Probiotics are gaining popularity due to their huge effect on maintaining intestinal health and gut immunity. While taking probiotics does not directly affect histamine, this treatment improves the digestion and reduces inflammation.
It is important to know what kind of probiotics exist and what exactly they do. Indeed, our gut microbiome is a very complex kingdom of its own with many functions and duties. If you live in the US, you may want to see a functional doctor or a naturopathic doctor to have a full analysis of your microbiome done by an alternative laboratory. Why conventional doctors cannot do that? In fact, only for the last 8-10 years more attention was drawn to the gut bacteria and its significance in maintaining our health.
Conventional medicine did not pay attention to the normal gut bacteria and fungus species, and did not develop good tools to diagnose and treat problems originating in the unhealthy damaged gut. European and naturopathic medicine have known that for a very long time, they have laboratory analysis and commercial medical facilities that create highly efficient probiotics. In the US probiotics treatment is still considered a food supplement with a few products covered by medical insurance.
Vitamins to Support Histamine Breakdown
Natural medicine practitioners or functional doctors can give you recommendations on specific vitamins you might be lacking. In general, if our digestive system is healthy, it is capable of extracting enough vitamins from the healthy diet. If the gut absorption is suffering, or if you have genetic vitamin deficiency, you are likely to need vitamin supplementation.
There is some research regarding high doses of vitamins to be helpful in histamine breakdown. Some studies list vit B2, biotin and vit C as helping in histamine intolerance.
